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Samuel Parsons Scott
Samuel Parsons Scott (8 July 1846 – 30 May 1929), known as S.P. Scott, was an American attorney, banker, and scholar.〔For an extensive description of Scott's life and work, see Timothy G. Kearley, "The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott," 10 "Roman Legal Tradition" 1 (2014) available at http://romanlegaltradition.org/contents/2014/RLT10-KEARLEY.PDF; see also "Gesundheit!: The Story of Scott Memorial Library," available at http://jeffline.jefferson.edu/SML/Archives/Highlights/Scott〕 Born in Hillsboro, Ohio, he earned his A.B. degree from the Miami University of Ohio in 1868 and his A.M. degree from the same institution the following year. He was licensed to practice law in 1868 and was an attorney for several years in Leavenworth, Kansas and in San Francisco.〔"Obituary," 56 Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 418 (1930).〕 In 1875 Scott left the practice of law to return to Hillsboro and the family banking business.〔"The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott," supra note 1 at 8.〕 Thereafter, he also traveled in Europe, studied, and wrote.〔"The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott," supra, note 2.〕 Late in his life, he served for many years on the editorial staff of the American Bar Association's Comparate Law Bureau.〔C.S. Lobingier, "Samuel Parsons Scott, 1846-1929," 15 A.B.A.J. 529 (1929).〕
==Scholarship==
In the early 1860s, Scott wrote many articles about his travels in Spain and then reworked them into his first book, ''Through Spain,'' which was published in 1886.〔Samuel Parsons Scott, "Through Spain: a Narrative of Travel and Adventure in the Peninsula" (1886). For references to reviews of the book, see "The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott," supra note 1 at 15. A chronological list of Scott's writings is given at in Appendix I, pages 35-37 of the same article.〕 Scott demonstrated his growing interest in the history and culture of Europe during the Middle Ages and late antiquity in his work of popular scholarship ''The History of the Moorish Empire in Europe'', which remains in print.〔Samuel Parsons Scott, "History of the Moorish Empire in Europe" (1904), available at http://archive.org/details/historymoorishe03scotgoog. Reprinted in 1977 by the AMS Press and in 2010 (vol. 1) by General Books. For a discussion of how the book was reviewed, see "The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott," supra note 1 at 21-23.〕 He followed that in 1910 with his translation of early medieval Spanish law ''The Visigothic Code''.〔"The Visigothic Code (Forum Judicum)" (1910), available at http://libro.uca.edu/vcode/visigoths.htm. For a discussion of the reviews of this work, see "The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott, supra note 1 at 25.〕 The remainder of Scott's scholarship was not published until after his death in 1929. In 1931 the American Bar Association published his ''Las Siete Partidas'', an English translation of the law code ordered by Alfonso X of Castile, which also is still in print,〔"Las Siete Partidas, translation and notes by Samuel Parsons Scott (1931). Reprinted with additional editorial matter by the University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.〕 and in 1932 Scott's executors published his ''The Civil Law''—the first English translation of the entire ''Corpus Juris Civilis''.〔"The Civil Law" including the Twelve Tables, the Institutes of Gaius, the Rules of Ulpian, the Enactments of Justinian, and the Constitutions of Leo..." 17 vols. (1932), available at http://www.constitution.org/sps/sps.htm. Reprinted in 1973 by the AMS Press. The critical reception of "The Civil Law" is covered at length in "The Enigma of Samuel Parsons Scott," supra note 1 at 32-34.〕
Unfortunately, Scott did not base his translation of the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' on the best available Latin versions, and his work was severely criticized.〔See Timothy Kearley, (Fred Blume and the Translation of the Justinian Code'' ) (2nd ed. 2008) 3, 21.〕 The noted English legal historian W. W. Buckland, wrote that Scott "...had at his disposal an adequate latinity and has produced a version written in an English which can be read with pleasure. But much more than that was needed, and the work cannot be said to satisfy these further requirements."〔W.W. Buckland, "Book Review," 7 ''Tulane Law Review'' 627, 629 (1932-33).〕 Buckland went on to say of some errors he noted: "These and many others like them would have disappeared if Mr. Scott had survived to see his work through the press..."〔Id. at 630.〕 But there were more fundamental problems with Scott's translation. Another commentator pointed out that while Scott had a good command of classical literary Latin, he was an amateur, operating on his own and that, moreover, "He did not use Mommsen's great critical edition of the Digest...limiting the usefulness of the translation...(that ) ()lthough Scott's work was published in 1932, it shows no knowledge of any of the impressive achievements of Roman law scholarship made since the middle of the nineteenth century."〔Charles Donahue, Jr., "On Translating the Digest" 39 ''Stanford Law Review'' 1057, 1062 (1987)(Reviewing ''The Digest of Justinian'' (Theodor Mommsen, Paul Krueger & Alan Watson eds 1985).〕 Ironically, at the same time Scott was creating his solo translation, Fred H. Blume also was working by himself to translate ''Codex Justinianus'' and the ''Novellae Constitutiones'', two parts of the same compilation ordered by Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.〔For Justice Blume's translations see ''()'', and ''()''.〕
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